HPGD and neoplasm: These were Defcr4, S100A9, Igfbp5, Slc30a2 and Lgr5 (leucine-rich repeat containing G protein coupled receptor 5) which were up-regulated and Mptx, Slc26a3, Retnla, Muc2 and Hpgd (hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase 15) which were down-regulated in tumours (Fig. 2).