The majority of these ovarian cancer studies have investigated serum [17,18] or plasma [19] TIMP-1 levels while only a few have investigated tissue TIMP-1 concentration by ELISA technique [20], tissue TIMP-1 by in situ mRNA hybridization and/or immunohistochemistry [21] or TIMP activity by reverse zymography [22] and all found increased TIMP-1 levels/expression in ovarian cancer specimens. The gene discussed is TIMP1; the disease is ovarian cancer.