[44] Similar to the findings in CD in our study, STAT4 was protective against UC in the Korean study. [44] In contrast, another very recent study from Spain found no association of the STAT4 SNP rs7574865 with CD and UC [45], while an extended meta-analysis showed a disease association of this SNP with UC and not CD in the Spanish population. [45] Considering the limited data of STAT4 gene variants in IBD patients and the conflicting results from the Spanish studies, the impact of STAT4 on IBD susceptibility seems to be much more limited than that of STAT3 variants. This evidence concerns the gene STAT4 and inflammatory bowel disease.