In addition, our finding of a transient IL-4 expression in the skin of resistant mice may explain a paradoxon in experimental leishmaniasis: IL-4 on one hand is the best characterized Th2 cytokine; correspondingly, IL-4 production in the draining lymph nodes of BALB/c has been associated with induction of a Th2 response [43]–[45]. The gene discussed is IL4; the disease is leishmaniasis.