PTGS2 and skin neoplasm: In 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced mouse skin tumor, the oligomeric and polymeric polyphenols decreased TPA-induced cell proliferation by attenuating the activation of signaling kinases [c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK), extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase-1/2 (ERK1/2), p38 protein kinase and Akt], transcription factors [activator protein-1 (AP1) and NFκB] and inflammatory protein [cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2)] [41,42].