Results from the Diabetes Control Complications Trial (DCCT) [1] and the Kumamoto Study [2] demonstrated that in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes, intensive insulin therapy combining regular- and intermediate-acting insulin formulations, provides a significantly greater improvement in HbA1c values and reduces the onset and progression of diabetes-associated microangiopathy to a greater degree, than conventional insulin therapy. Here, INS is linked to diabetes mellitus.