AR and prostate cancer: Recent studies revealed that DDC is also implicated in prostate cancer neuroendocrine differentiation, accounting for abnormal prostate cell proliferation and differentiation (Wafa et al, 2007), as it is an androgen receptor (AR) coregulator protein acting at the cytoplasmic level to enhance AR activity and to differentially modulate AR-regulated genes (Wafa et al, 2003; Margiotti et al, 2007).