Our result shows that both LY294002 and rapamycin inhibit the up-regulation effect of HCCR-1 by EGF (Figs. 3C and 4D), suggesting that EGF-induced HCCR-1 expression is mediated by PI3K/mTOR signaling in pancreatic cancer. Here, LETMD1 is linked to familial pancreatic carcinoma.