In the first set of experiments, six of the anti-V3 mAbs (2191, 2219, 2557, 2558, 3074, and 3869) were tested against a panel of 57 psVs prepared by Monogram Biosciences, Inc. to express Env populations from patients' plasma viruses when infection was due to HIV-1 subtypes A, B, C, or D; anti-V3 mAb 447 was tested against a subset of 26 psVs from this same panel. Here, ERVW-1 is linked to infection.