MIF and Ureteral obstruction: Macrophage migratory inhibitory factor (MIF) is a proinflammatory cytokine which regulates leukocyte activation and fibroblast proliferation but although it is increased in the obstructed kidney after ureteral obstruction, MIF deficiency did not affect interstitial macrophage and T cell accumulation induced by UUO [64], thus suggesting that there are other factors that are also involved.