APC and malignant colon neoplasm: Remark 1: As observed by Sparks et al. [8], instead of the APC gene, this pathway can also be initiated by mutation of the oncogene β-catenin gene; however, the proportion of human colon cancer due to mutation of β-catenin is very small (less than 1%) as compared to the APC gene, due presumably to the contribution of the APC on chromosome instability ([4]).