NEFM and Alzheimer disease: In a recent study, it has been shown that initial playbacks of novel songs transiently increase EGR1 but that the observed response selectively habituates after repetition of the stimulus, with a different expression profile after one day [232] (see [233] and also [234] in which the homolog of NEFM, one of our biomarkers of reduced expression with increasing ‘AD severity’ called NF-M, is showed to be involved in the development and/or maturation of the oscine song control system).