At 7 d post-cerebral ischemia, infarct volumes were significantly smaller in three groups: EPO (10,000 U/kg) + G-CSF (100 μg/kg) in Group F; EPO (5000 U/kg) + G-CSF (50 μg/kg) in Group G; and EPO (2500 U/kg) + G-CSF (50 μg/kg) in Group I (Fig. 4A). Here, CSF3 is linked to brain ischemia.