Seven days after cerebral ischemia, infarct volume was significantly reduced from an average of 159±32 mm3 in saline-treated controls to 77±26 mm3 in EPO, 71±26 mm3 in G-CSF, and 42±23 mm3 in EPO+G-CSF group (Fig. 4C). The gene discussed is CSF3; the disease is brain ischemia.