SOD1 and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: The effects of ALS-causing variants on the free energy landscape of SOD1 shown in Figure 7 suggest a potential mechanism through which the ALS variants can oligomerize and exert toxicity by either a significant destabilization of the dimer, e.g., A4V, significant destabilization of the monomer, e.g., G93A, or a combination of both events, e.g., L38V and L106V.