Further analyses showed that the MTNR1B variants were also significantly associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes, and with increased fraction of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C), reduced beta-cell function as estimated by homeostasis model assessment of beta-cell function (HOMA-B), but not with fasting insulin level or insulin sensitivity [6,7]. Here, INS is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.