For example, palatability affected hypothalamic expression of melanocortin receptor-4 (MC4R) and kappa (KOR) and mu (MOR) opioid receptors; an increased body weight influenced proopiomelanocortin (POMC), melanin concentrating hormone (MCH) and dynorphin (DYN) [45] while restriction of energy intake through deprivation upregulated expression of the obesity-associated gene FTO. Here, PDYN is linked to Obesity.