INS and Hyperglycemia: Recently, several studies have suggested that insulin may protect cells from apoptosis in different cell lines; however, little is known about the nature of its anti-apoptotic activity.[1] Studies have also demonstrated that IGF-I has mitogenic effect(s) on fibroblasts originating from various connective tissue and cell lines.[2] In animal studies, increase in the DNA content of human gingival fibroblasts (hGF) has been directly linked to the increased insulin levels.[3] Insulin also causes reversal of impaired fibroblast functions caused by hyperglycemia.[4]