Although studies of men undergoing PSA testing have shown no significant effect on anxiety for those receiving an abnormal PSA result (Essink-Bot et al, 1998; Brindle et al, 2006; Carlsson et al, 2007), it has been reported that those who receive a benign biopsy have thought and worried more about prostate cancer (McNaughton-Collins et al, 2004; Fowler et al, 2006; Katz et al, 2007). This evidence concerns the gene KLK3 and prostate cancer.