Human plasma levels of TNFα were significantly higher in pancreatic adenocarcinoma patients (32.7 pg/ml) compared with chronic pancreatitis patients (3.2 pg/ml) and control group (<1.6 pg/ml; p < 0.01) [33], suggesting that MA could be an effective agent in the treatment of pancreatic cancer due to the high level of TNFα secretion in the patients. Here, TNF is linked to pancreatic adenocarcinoma.