Furthermore, TGF-β is a multi-functional cytokine which suppresses normal hematopoiesis[42] and dendritic cell differentiation[43] but enhances angiogenesis[44] as well as osteoclastogenesis.[45] Therefore, the effect of TGF-β inhibition may extend beyond amelioration of destructive bone lesions and tumor growth and improve other MM-associated clinical features. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and Miyoshi myopathy.