TNF and Arthritis: In murine CIA, bortezomib administered by intraperitoneal injection significantly reduced the severity of arthritis and stabilized joint structure architecture while also suppressing the production of several biomarkers of immune-mediated inflammation, including, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, COX-2, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) as well as inhibiting MMP-3 synthesis [87].