The bleomycin study suggested that RAGE contributes to bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis through epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and profibrotic cytokine production, and they found that RAGE KO mice had reduced BALF levels of the profibrotic cytokines transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) which are both RAGE inducible. This evidence concerns the gene AGER and pulmonary fibrosis.