As ER stress is recently implicated in the pathogenesis of heart diseases such as ischemic heart disease and heart failure [12], [13], we analyzed the expression of ER stress markers such as GRP78 and C/EBP homologous protein transcription factor (CHOP) in this model, and found that these ER stress markers were induced at the phase of transition from hypertrophy to heart failure (Fig. 2C). The gene discussed is HSPA5; the disease is heart failure.