TLR8 and viral infectious disease: Although it has been shown that TLR3, TLR7, TLR8, and TLR9 are also expressed on human NK cells and that ligands for these TLRs can activate human NK cells in vitro [29]–[31], our observations reveal for the first time that direct TLR stimulation is critical for NK cell activation and function in the control of viral infection in vivo.