Although our data are the first to directly demonstrate KC interactions with effector CD8+ T cells, KC-mediated priming of CD8+ T cells was recently demonstrated using cell lines in vitro[74] and also with freshly isolated KCs ex vivo[75], suggesting that further studies into the role of KC in presenting Leishmania-derived antigens to naïve CD8+ T cells at the initiation of infection are also now warranted. Here, CALCA is linked to infection.