CTLA4 and type 1 diabetes mellitus: A similar association stratified by onset age to the 0-5 age group has been reported for other ethnic groups.[23, 24] The association of the C-819T and A+49G SNPs of the CTLA-4 gene with T1D was also stratified to females in our study, supporting a role for the C-819T and A+49G SNPs in the pathogenesis of T1D by a gender-specific mechanism.