For example, identification of mutations in ribosomal genes that promote cancers has provided novel insights into how heterozygous loss of ribososomal components promote tumorigenesis (Amsterdam et al., 2004; Lai et al., 2009; MacInnes et al., 2008), and how mutations in genes controlling genome integrity such as Emi1, Separase and B-Myb, can enhance the rate of cancer formation in carcinogen treated or cancer prone animals (Rhodes et al., 2009; Shepard et al., 2005, 2007). Here, ESPL1 is linked to cancer.