[29] highlighted the role of IL18 in cardiovascular disease, demonstrating that IL18 haplotypes were associated with variation in IL-18 serum levels and cardiovascular mortality. These associations have been confirmed in a number of cohorts [15,25]. Markers of inflammation are significantly higher in those who are overweight in comparison to those of a normal weight and the mechanism whereby genetic variation of IL18 is involved in the development of diabetes and metabolic syndrome is likely to be affected by inflammation and activated innate immunity [30,31]. The gene discussed is IL18; the disease is metabolic syndrome.