Despite the fact that MKP-1 has been implicated as a negative prognostic indicator in several cancers including ovarian [26] and breast [48] carcinomas, there are also incidences where over-expression of MKP-1 appears to be beneficial as in hepatocellular [27] and urothelial carcinomas [49]. This evidence concerns the gene DUSP1 and urothelial carcinoma.