VEGFA and prostate cancer: To determine whether VEGFA expression is increased by other ER stress inducers in other cell types including cancer cells, we treated prostate cancer cell line, PC-3 (Figure 1A), liver cancer cell line, HepG2 (Figure 1B), and the insulinoma cells, INS-1 832/13 (Figure 1C), with two ER stress inducers, thapsigargin and tunicamycin for 4 hr.