MAPK9 and glioma: In conclusion, the current results strongly suggest that TNF-α induces IL-6 synthesis through phosphorylation of NFκB at Ser 536 and Ser 468, and JAK-mediated phosphorylation of STAT3 in addition to p38 MAP kinase and SAPK/JNK in C6 glioma cells, and that oxidative stress is associated with IL-6 synthesis.