NFKB1 and Salmonella Infections: As shown in Figure 2(a), Salmonella infection resulted in degradation of IκB-α and nuclear translocation of NF-κB. PJ-34 enhances and prolongs the activation of NF-κB by increasing IκB-α degradation and nuclear translocation of NF-κB (Figure 2(b)), resulting in subsequent upregulation of IL-6 gene transcription.