FPR1 and anaplastic astrocytoma: As a support of the function for FPR in diseases other than anti-microbial host defence, our recent studies revealed that tumour cells of a majority of highly malignant human gliomas, including anaplastic astrocytoma (grade III) and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM, grade IV), express FPR (Zhou et al, 2005; Huang et al, 2008a).