The objective of this study was to examine the prevalence of ACPA detected by anti-CCP2 and anti-CCP3 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), and that of HLA-DRB1 alleles in African RA patients in order to examine first the diagnostic performance of these serological tests as compared to RF, and then the distribution of the SE alleles and their association with ACPA. This evidence concerns the gene HLA-DRB1 and rheumatoid arthritis.