A better understanding of the influence of adenosine A2A receptors upon the actions of BDNF in epilepsy is particularly relevant because therapies that lead to localized enhancement of extracellular adenosine levels (adenosine augmentation therapies, AATs) are currently under development [161] as a strategy to fight pharmacoresistant epilepsy, but research in this area has been only focusing on the beneficial influences mediated by inhibitory adenosine A1 receptors [11]. The gene discussed is BDNF; the disease is epilepsy.