PPARγ ligands promote the restoration of normal levels of adipose-derived substances, including FFA, TNF-α, leptin, adiponectin, and PAI-1, and reverse major defects of the insulin resistance syndrome due to their important effects on inhibition of atherosclerosis, improvement of endothelial cell function, and attenuation of low-grade inflammation. Here, SERPINE1 is linked to atherosclerosis.