In addition, anti-apoptotic proteins with a death effector domain (DED) such as cellular FLICE-Inhibitory Protein (cFLIP) and phosphoprotein enriched in diabetes/ phosphoprotein enriched in astrocytes-15 kDa (PED/PEA-15) can be aberrantly expressed upon cellular stress [28, 29]. Here, PEA15 is linked to diabetes mellitus.