The translation of these findings to the clinic is currently ongoing with a number of phaseI/II clinical trials including antisense oligonucleotide LY2181308, the low molecular weight molecule inhibitor YM155 and survivin-directed autolougous cytotoxic T lymphocytes [24] The latter strategy, i.e. survivin peptide vaccination w/o different combination therapies has been or is recently applied in different phase I/II clinical trials for advanced melanoma, myeloma, plasma cell neoplasm, pancreatic, colon, cervical, breast, oral cancer and renal cell carcinoma [24-26]. Here, BIRC5 is linked to melanoma.