4, 3 out of 5 NGMGCT cases have a reduced DNA copy number between 4q13.3-4q28.3 (S1) and 9p11.2-9q13 (S2). The protein-coding genes and miRNAs located in these changed regions are shown in Table 4. BANK1, CXCL9, CXCL11, DDIT4L, ELOVL6 and HERC5 are within 4q13.3-4q28.3 and are relatively more abundant in germinomas (Table 4 and Additional file 2). DDIT4L, ELOVL6 and HERC5 are also among the top 50 most dominant genes in germinomas (Table 1). Here, DDIT4L is linked to germinoma.