Indeed a recent study identified a novel single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) g.126076T >C (c.-1973T >C; rs8004738) in the promoter region of SERPINA1. It appeared that the SNP was enriched (15.5%) in a cohort of A1AT Pi ZZ homozygotes with liver disease relative to those with pulmonary disease (6.5%)[10]. Here, SERPINA1 is linked to liver disorder.