IL18 and Sepsis: Markers for peri-operative risk evaluation, which assess the constitutional risk of sepsis-related death, include the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-β gene polymorphism,[8] the TNF promotor polymorphism,[9] the IL-1ra polymorphism and the IL-1 gene polymorphism.[10] Biomarkers for early prediction of sepsis prognosis include procalcitonin (PCT),[11] IL-6,[12] IL-18[13] and NF-xB activity.[14]