INS and Nephropathy: Control of hyperlipidemia is a prerequisite for the prevention of diabetic microangiopathy (retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy) and macroangiopathy (ischemic heart disease), cerebral vascular disease (CVD) and arteriosclerosis obliterans in diabetes.[30] However, in certain cases of diabetes, treatment with insulin with normalization of plasma glucose levels did not restore the HDL-C concentrations to normal implying that, factors in addition to hyperglycemia are causing the lower HDL-C.[31]