Similar roles for CXCL9, CXCL13 and CXCL16 in T- and B-cell recruitment have been suggested in other models of liver disease including chronic Hepatitis C, Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Primary Biliary Cirrhosis and Primary Sclerosing Choliangitis [32],[33],[34]. This evidence concerns the gene CXCL9 and chronic hepatitis C virus infection.