In addition, TNMD, TNFAIP6 and AQP1 demonstrated significantly higher expression in AF cells compared with NP cells (all genes P < 0.0001), while FOXF1 and FOXF2 demonstrated small, yet significant, increases in AF cells compared with NP cells (P < 0.0001). This evidence concerns the gene FOXF1 and atrial fibrillation.