More recently, mutations in TUBA1A have been reported to cause lissencephaly with a distinct clinical presentation, ranging from perisylvian pachygyria in the less severe form, to posteriorly predominant pachygyria in the most severe form, in association with dysgenesis of the anterior limb of the internal capsule and mild to severe cerebellar hypoplasia [58]. This evidence concerns the gene TUBA1A and lissencephaly spectrum disorders.