There is a paucity of information in relation to the role of phytooestrogens, albeit of lower potency at the ER but, appear to exhibit greater selectivity for ERβ over ERα [71] An effect of environmental oestrogens and ERs in the pathogenesis of oesophageal cancer has not been reported to date but may introduce another level of complexity in the contribution of ER in the aetiology of this disease. Here, ESR2 is linked to carcinoma of esophagus.