ABCC1 and Focal cortical dysplasia: Immunocytochemical studies have positively identified the MRP1 protein in dysplastic neurons, reactive astrocytes and glial elements of focal cortical dysplasia of malformations commonly observed in refractory epilepsy, i.e., human focal cortical dysplasia, dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumors and hippocampal sclerosis samples.[93–95] In these studies, MRP1 staining was more prominent in the epileptic lesions, compared with surrounding normal tissue samples.