Furthermore, infection of C. parasitica with virulence-attenuating dsRNA viruses (hypoviruses) compromises G-protein signalling and causes changes in virulence and phenotype, with aspects that resemble those of the BDM-1 and Gβ deletion strains (Dawe and Nuss, 2001; Dawe et al., 2004). The gene discussed is NDRG4; the disease is infection.