AKT1 and neoplasm: Interestingly, expression of non-myristoylated CK1ε was unable to promote either anchorage-independent growth or tumor formation in vivo (Fig. 6A), consistent with the possibility that membrane localization is required to induce activation of CK1ε, in a manner similar to other ectopically expressed signaling molecules, such as AKT, RAF or PI3-kinase [29], [30], [31] (Fig. 6A).