Several lines of evidence suggest that α7 nAChRs play a role in the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric diseases such as schizophrenia, Alzheimer's disease, anxiety, depression, and drug addiction, and that α7 nAChRs are the attractive therapeutic targets for these diseases [2], [7]–[15]. This evidence concerns the gene CHRNA7 and early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease.